苗木生产过程中观花观果类树木多年生长在同一地点，每年萌芽、发枝展叶、开花、结实都需要从土壤中吸收并消耗大量的营养物质，但如今全国各地市政绿化、公园绿化、厂区绿化施工仓促，立地土质瘠薄和移栽条件不合适等问题突出。为了中国农林网满足这类树木的健壮、美观、长寿的需要，就必须根据树木的生理习性、需肥特点、养护目标及土壤状况进行科学合理的上下内外调整，在苗圃内培育健壮植株，这里重点分享这类树木的用肥经验。 　　一、多年生观花观果类绿化树木营养的年周期分配规律 　　花果类树木的营养状况年周期不尽相同，春季养分从多到少，夏季处于低养分时期，秋季养分开始积累，到冬季养分又处于相对较高期。掌握营养物质的合成运转和分配规律，有利于克服园林树木管理中的片面性，从而达到健壮、美观、长寿之目的。 　　春季是利用贮藏营养的器官建造期。这一时期包括萌芽、展叶、开花到新梢迅速生长前。此期花果类树木的一切生命活动的能源和新生器官的建造，主要依靠上年贮藏营养。可见贮藏养分的多少，不但关系到早春萌芽、展叶、开花、坐果和新梢生长，柳杉种植和管理技术而且影响后期树木生长发育和同化产物的合成积累。如果开花过多，新梢和根系生长就会受到抑制，当年果实大小和花芽形成等也无法得到保证，第二年的开花量也容易减少，影响到次年的花量。贮藏营养水平高的树木叶片大而厚，颜色鲜艳，开花早而整齐，而且对外界不良环境有较强的抵抗能力，表现叶大、枝壮、坐果率高、生长迅速等。 　　夏季是利用当年同化营养期。这一时期从6月落果期到果实成熟采收前。此期叶片已经形成，部分中短树枝封顶，进入花芽分化，果实也开始迅速膨大；营养器官同化功能最强，光合产物上下输导，合成和贮藏同时发生，树体消耗以利用当年有机营养为主。所以，此期管理水平直接影响当年果质优劣、产量高低和成花数量与质量。 　　秋季是有机营养贮藏期。这一时期大体从果实采收到落叶。此时花果类树木已完成周期生长，所有器官体积上不再增大，只有根系还有一次生长高峰，但吸收的养分大于营养消耗。叶片中的同化产物除少部分供果实外，绝大部分从落叶前1~1.5个月内开始陆续向枝干的韧皮部、髓部和根部回流贮藏，直到落叶后结束。生长期结果过多或病虫害造成早期落叶等都会造成营养消耗多，积累少，树体贮藏养分不足，而此期贮藏营养对树木越冬及下年春季的萌芽、开花、展叶、抽梢和坐果等过程的顺利完成有显著影响，可见充分提高树体贮藏营养是花果类树木健康生长发育的重要保证。 　 Flowers nursery stock production process of fruit trees grow in the same place for many years, the annual germination, send a exhibition leaf, flower, strong need to absorb and consume large amounts of nutrients from the soil, but now all over the country municipal virescence, park greening, campus greening construction, site soil barren and transplanting condition problem such as inappropriate. In China's agriculture, forestry and robust network meet this kind of trees, beautiful, long life, must be based on the physiological behavior of the trees, fertilizer characteristics, curing goal and soil conditions for scientific and reasonable adjusted upward, downward, inward, outward, foster healthy plant at the nursery, highlighted here to share this kind of trees with fat experience. A, perennial flowers fruit nutrition class greening trees in cycle distribution rule Flowers and trees in the nutritional status of different cycle, spring nutrient from more to less, summer in low nutrient period, autumn began to accumulate, nutrient to the winter nutrient and is relatively high. Grasp the synthetic operation and distribution regularity of nutrient, is beneficial to overcome the botanical garden trees management of one-sided sex, so as to achieve healthy, beautiful, the purpose of longevity. Spring is the use of storage organ building period of nutrition. During this period, including, flowering to the rapidly growing of new tips. This period of flowers and trees all life activities of the energy and the construction of a new organ, storage nutrition rely mainly on the previous year. How much visible storage of nutrients, not only related to early spring bud, leaf, flower, fruit growth, and new tip cryptomeria late planting and management techniques and effects of trees growth and the synthesis of assimilation product accumulation. If there is excessive flowering, shoot and root growth would be suppressed, the fruit size and flower bud formation cannot be guaranteed, it is easy to reduce the amount of bloom in the second year, affect the amount of spent the next year. Storage nutrition tall trees leaves large, thick, bright color, earlier flowering and neatly, and to the outside world have a stronger ability to resist bad environment, it has large leaves, branches high zhuang, fruit rate, rapid growth, etc. Summer is the use of assimilation vegetative phase. During the period from June before the fruit to harvest fruit mature. This phase of the blade has been formed, some short branches caps, into the flower bud differentiation, fruit also began to rapidly expands; Vegetative organs of assimilation, the strongest photosynthetic product and conducting, synthesis and storage occurred at the same time, the tree body consumption is given priority to with use of the organic nutrition. So, this period management level directly affects the slightly acidic quality, yield high and low and in quantity and quality. Autumn is organic nutrient storage period. In this period from fruit harvest to the leaves. The flowers and trees growth cycle has been completed and all organs volume increases no longer, only and another one in the root system growth peak, but to absorb more nutrients than nutrition. Assimilation product of leaves except for a small number of fruit, 1-1.5 months before most of the leaves from begin to the branches in phloem and pith and the roots of reflow storage, until the end of the deciduous after. Growing as a result, early deciduous, etc can cause excessive or pest nutrient consumption, less accumulation, tree storage nutrient deficiency, and this period storage nutrition for winter and next spring budding, flowering trees, lamina, smoke tip and fructifications has remarkable effect on successful completion of the process of tree can fully enhance the storage nutrition is an important guarantee of flowers and trees healthy growth and development. 返首页：www.dingzhoumiaomu.com