以最少的成本获得最大的收益是每个苗圃人的目标，苗木质量好坏会直接影响到苗木人的经济效益。落叶大苗的成功培育标准为：高大通直的干，干高达到2米至3。5米，胸径必须得达到5厘米以上，具有完整紧凑、匀称的树冠，须根发达。培育大苗一般采取的方法有两种，分别为留床养护和移苗养护。 With minimal cost to obtain the biggest benefit is the goal of everyone in the nursery, seedling quality stand or fall will directly affect the seedling of economic benefits. Leaves went to the success of the cultivation standard is: tall straight dry, dry to 2 meters high to 3. 5 meters, diameter at breast height must reach more than 5 cm, complete with compact, symmetrical canopy, fibrous root developed. Foster went to generally take there are two ways of, respectively, leave the bed and bed out maintenance. 留床养护就是把生根的扦插苗或播种苗密植，株行距约为25厘米，充足的肥水管理，第一年就可长到1。5米，因为密植，树干是直的，第二年加强肥水管理，大约长到2。5米，第三年以120厘米×60厘米行株距移植，并定干2。5米，第四年不动，第五年隔一行移出一株，行距不变。株行距为120厘米×120厘米，加强肥水管理，第六年或第七年即可长成大苗。出圃留床养护适合干性比较强，不容易弯曲，生长速度慢的树种，如银杏、柿树、水杉、杨柳、白蜡、青铜等。留床养护必须保留树木的顶端优势，必要时采用修剪的方法控制侧稍生长。我们在春季气温达到零摄氏度以上时（约3月上中旬）条播的白蜡种子，经过移栽，稀植3年就可出圃，6年至7年可培育成大苗。 Leave bed maintenance is rooting cuttings seedling planting seeds or seedlings, plant spacing is about 25 cm, plenty of water management, the first year can grow to 1. 5 meters, because of the dense planting, the trunk is straight, strengthening the water management of the second year, grow to about 2. 5 meters, the third year in a 120 cm * 60 cm row planting distance transplantation, and dry. 2. 5 meters, in the fourth year, in the fifth year removed from a plant, one line spacing is constant. Plant spacing is 120 cm * 120 cm, strengthen water management, sixth or seventh years can grow up went. Sizes of staying bed maintenance and is suitable for drying is strong, not easy to bend, slow growth of tree species, such as ginkgo, Japanese persimmon, metasequoia, willow, pewter, bronze, etc. Leave bed maintenance must keep advantage at the top of the trees, necessary to adopt the method of cutting the control side slightly. We in the spring when the temperature above zero degrees Celsius (about 3 month occurrence peak) drilling ash seeds, after transplanting, rare plant can sizes of 3 years, 6 to 7 years can be coaxed into went to. 移苗养护同样是播种苗或扦插苗第一年密植，长到1。5米高，第二年移植，按60厘米×60厘米的株行距种植，加强肥水管理，地上部分不修剪，促其根部生长，达到养根的目的。第三年平茬剪去地上部，只留一壮芽，当年可长到2。5米，第四年不动，第五年隔行去行，隔株去株，达到120厘米×120厘米，第六年速长一年，第七年或第八年长成大苗出圃。移苗养护适用于干性生长不强，树干容易弯曲，苗木质量差的苗木，如国槐、栾树、合欢、元宝枫、榆树等。我们当年播种国槐种子，第二年移栽后加强肥水管理，第三年我们试验了一半剪去上半部分，留有50厘米左右，另一半从地面留一壮芽平茬，第四年在50厘米处长出的树干在剪口处弯曲，影响树木的美观。虽然长成大树后，弯度不太明显，但也能看到树身的弯度，造成其出圃时间延长。在地面平茬的树干笔直，有了这次经验，我们改变了在中部短截培养国槐的方法，同样7年左右培育成大树。 Bed out maintenance is also a seeding seedlings or cutting seedling planting the first year, grow up to 1. 5 meters high, in the second year of transplantation, and according to 60 cm * 60 cm plant row spacing cultivation, strengthen the water management, the part don't clip, promote root growth, achieve the goal of a root. Faults in the third year of flat cut off the ground, only a strong bud, that can grow up to 2. 5 meters, in the fourth year, in the fifth year of interlaced; and every other plant strains, up to 120 cm * 120 cm, in the sixth year long speed for a year, the seventh or eighth years grow went to sizes. Bed out maintenance is suitable for drying the growth is not strong, easily bend trunk, poor quality of the seedling nursery stock, such as scholar, goldenrain tree, meadow, acer truncatum, elm, etc. We sowed the pagoda tree seed, the second year after transplanting to strengthen water management, the third year we test cut in half to the upper part, with 50 centimeters or so, the other half from the ground to keep a strong bud stubble, the trunk of commissioner in the fourth year in 50 cm in shear bend at the mouth, affect beautiful. Although after the big trees, camber is not obvious, but also can see its trunk camber, cause its extended their sizes. Flat on the ground of crop trunk straight, with this experience, we changed in the short section of central culture of pagoda tree method, the same seven years to develop into the tree. 　　落叶乔木的大苗培育株行距是众多树种常用平均值，具体哪个树种采用多少的株行距最合适要根据树干的干性强弱，分枝情况、生长速度快慢、修剪方法等的不同而定。 Deciduous trees went to foster plant spacing is a commonly used average of many tree species, which tree species by how much of plant space the most appropriate according to the dry strength of the trunk, branches, growth speed, the different of the pruning methods. 培育大苗期间，2米以下的萌芽全部抹除，注意加强肥水管理和病虫害防治，修剪时要以主干为中心，竞争枝粗度超过主干一半时就要进行控制。 During cultivating went, 2 meters shoots all erased, pay attention to strengthen the water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, centered on the trunk, while pruning competition branch roughness is more than the trunk through the control. 返首页：www.dingzhoumiaomu.com